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STRESS MANAGEMENT
AUTHOR: MAHISHA SURAMARDHINI.?
INTRODUCTION:
Human resources is the heart of the organization. In this research, we will be able to know how to reduce the stress level of the employees and by this way the productivity of the employees increases. Today age is called ?The age of Anxiety? and this century is called ?the century of stress?. Today vast majorities of peoples are in a state of stress. Their fast-paced lifestyle of demand that they are raring to go always with pressure usually leads to stress.
Stress is not necessary something bad, it all depends on how we take it. ?Demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize?.
A word stress is defined by the dictionary as ? a state of after involving demand on physical and mental energy?.
STRESS MANAGEMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCE:
Modern life is full of stress. As organization become more complex, the potential for stress increases. Urbanization, industrialization and increase in scale of operation are some of the reasons for rising stress. Stress is an inevitable consequence of socioeconomic complexity and, to some extent, its stimulant as well.
People experience stress, as they can no longer have complete control over what happens in their lives. The telephone goes out of order, power is shut down, the water supply is disrupted, an expected promotion is denied, children perform poorly at school, prices of essential commodities increase disproportionately to income, etc. we feel frustrated, and then stressed.
There being no escape from stress in modern life. We need to find ways of using stress productively, and reducing dysfunctional stress.
Several terms that are synonymous with stress, or similar in meaning, have been used. In order to avoid confusion we will use the following terms: stress for stimuli that induce stress; stress for the affective (emotional) part in the experience of incongruence; symptoms for the physiological, behavioral and conceptual responses or changes: and coping for any behavior that deals with the emotional component in the experience of incongruence, e.g. stress. The term stress will be used here to refer to such terms and concepts as strain, pressure, etc.
?As already stated, role can be defined as a set of functions, which an individual performs in response to the expectations of the significant members of a social system, and his own expectations about the position that he occupies in it. The concept of role, and the two role systems (role space and role set) have a built-in potential for conflict and stress.
Stress is normal. Everyone feels stress related to work, family, decisions, your future, and more. Stress is both physical and mental. It is caused by major life events such as illness, the death of a loved one, a change in responsibilities or expectations at work, and job promotions, loss, or changes.
Smaller, daily events also cause stress. This stress is not as apparent to us, but the constant and cumulative impact of the small stressors adds up to big impact.
In response to these daily stresses, your body automatically increases blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, metabolism, and blood flow to your muscles. This stress response is intended to help your body react quickly and effectively to any high-pressure situation.
However, when you are constantly reacting to small or large stressful situations, without making physical, mental, and emotional adjustments to counter their effect, you can experience stress that can hurt your health and well-being.
It is essential that you understand both your external and internal stress-causing events, no matter how you perceive those events.
Stress can also be positive. You need a certain amount of stress to perform your best at work. The key to stress management is to determine the right amount of stress that will give you energy, ambition, and enthusiasm versus the wrong amount which can harm your health and well-being.
DEFINITION:
Stress management can be defined as interventions designed to reduce the impact of stress in the work place. These can have an individual focus, aimed at increasing an individuals ability to cope with stress.
AIM:
- To study what is stress management.
- Identify the stress effect on employees.
- Adopt a de-stressing routine life.
- Spend time with family.
- Make time for vacations.
- Practice relaxation method, like meditation.
- Sleep at least 6-8 hours a day.
- Maintain work life balance.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Literature review examines recent research studies, company data, or industry reports that act as a basis for the proposed study.
According to Mr. Madhip Johri, assistant director, IPM Meerut in his articles ? Stress management strategy and techniques? he has pointed out stress is a part of day-to-day living of every individual.
According to Mr.Bhalt in his articles, ?A Study of general role of stress, among the IT/ITES sector?. He has pointed out that IT/ITES industry in India got tremendous boost in the past decades due to factors like liberation and globalization on of the India Economy coupled with favorable Government Policies.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Research Design: I did descriptive study.
Research Tools: I did secondary research. I collected data from the internet from various websites, journals, magazines.
OBJECTIVES:
To identify the factors causing stress among the employees
To find out the level and kind of stress among the employees, of different age group.
To study about the effect of stress on employee.
To identify pressures at work which lead to physical disorders.
To enable business strategy.
To achieve an organization business goals.
To undergo an in-depth study about the stress among the employees.
To identify the coping strategies to manage stress.
TYPES OF STRESS:
(i)???????????????? Acute Stress:
Acute stress is the most common form of stress. It comes from demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. Acute stress is thrilling and exciting in small doses, but too much is exhausting.
(ii)?????????????? Episodic Acute Stress:
This form of stress comes from ceaseless worry. ?Worry warts? see disaster around every corner and pessimistically forecast catastrophe in every situation.
(iii)???????????? Chronic Stress:
This stress comes from a person never sees a way out of a miserable situations. It is the stress of unrelenting demands and pressures for seemingly interminable periods of time. With no hope, the individual gives up searing for solutions.
SCOPE OF SRESS MANAGEMENT:
The scope of this research would be to identify the stress the employees at different levels face in the organization and how much mentally they are fit to face this kind of stress. To learn the ways the organization deals to handle the kind of stress the employees face. To know how the organization gets affected due to the stress faced by the employees.
BENEFITS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT:
Knowledge earning.
Gaining practical exposure to overcome stress during work time.
Gain knowledge to follow tactics to get relief from stress level during working.
This research will be beneficial for companies and employer too because from this report they will get an idea to keep the employee satisfaction and motivated by lowering the stress level.
From, this research, they will get the knowledge about required changes in their strategies and to overcome stress level.
STRESS MANAGEMENT STRATEGY:
1)????? Avoid unnecessary stress.
(i)???????????????? Learn how to say ?no?.
(ii)?????????????? Avoid people who stress you out.
(iii)???????????? Take control of your environment.
(iv)???????????? Avoid hot-buttons topics.
(v)?????????????? Pare down your to-do list.
2)????? Alter the situation.
(i)???????????????? Express your feelings instead of bottling them up.
(ii)?????????????? Be willing to compromise.
(iii)???????????? Be more assertive.
(iv)???????????? Manage your time better.
3)????? Adapt to the stressor.
(i)???????????????? Reframe problems.
(ii)?????????????? Look at the big picture.
(iii)???????????? Adjust your standards.
(iv)???????????? Focus on the positive.
4)????? Accept the things you can?t change.
(i)???????????????? Don?t try to control the uncontrollable.
(ii)?????????????? Look for upside.
(iii)???????????? Share your feeling.
(iv)???????????? Learn to forgive.
5)????? Make time for fun and relaxation.
(i)???????????????? Set aside relaxation time.
(ii)?????????????? Connect with others.
(iii)???????????? Do something you enjoy everyday.
(iv)???????????? Keep your sense of humor.
6)????? Adopt a healthy lifestyle.
(i)???????????????? Exercise regularly.
(ii)?????????????? Get enough sleep.
(iii)???????????? Eat a healthy diet.
MODELS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT:
a) Transactional Model :
According to ?Richard Lazarus? and ?Susan Flokman,?Stress is the result of imbalance between demands and resources.? Or ?as occuring when pressure exceeds one?s percieved ability to cope.?
In order to develop an effective stress management program it is first necessary to identify the factors that are central to a personal controlling his /her stress, and to identify the intervention methods which effectively target these factor. Lazarus and Flokman?s interpretation of stress focuses on the transaction between people and their external environment.
?The model conceptualizes stress as a result of how a stressor is appraised and how a person appraises his / her resources to cope with the stressor. The model brakes the stressor stress link by proposing that is stressors are perceived as positive or challenging rather than a threat, and if the stressed person is confident that he / she possesses adequate rather than deficient coping strategies, stress may not necessary follow the person of a potential stressor. The model proposes that stress can be reduced by helping stressed people change their perceptions of stressor, providing them with strategies to help them cope and improving their confidence in their ability to do so.
b) Innate Health Model :
The health realization / innate health model of stress is also founded on the idea that stress does not necessarily follows the presence of a potential stressor. Instead of focusing on the individual?s appraisal of so-called stressors in relation to his own coping skills (as the transactional model does), the health realization model focuses on the nature of thought, stating that it is ultimately a person?s thought processes that determine the response to potentially stressful external circumstances. In this model, stress results from appraising oneself and one?s circumstances through a mental filter of insecurity and negativity, whereas a feeling of well being result from approaching the world with a ?quite mind?, ?inner wisdom? and ?common sense?.
This model proposes that helping stressed individuals understand the nature of thought especially providing them with the ability to recognize when they are in the grip of insecure thinking, disengage from it ,and access natural positive feelings will reduced this stress.
RESULTS OF STRESS:
Stress is not something you can afford to take a lightly. Unrelieved stress can damage your physical and mental health and that of your friends in many ways:
i)??????????????????? It causes muscles to tense, leading to headaches, neck ache, jaw pain, and backache.
ii)????????????????? It brings on stomach pain, indigestion, upset bowels, or ulcers.
iii)??????????????? It deepens feelings of anxiety, nervousness, tension, and helplessness.
iv)??????????????? It increase your anger or irritability, and can lead to chest pain.
v)????????????????? It can lead to depression, exhaustion, lack of concentration, and insomnia.
vi)??????????????? It can result in restlessness, boredom, confusion or the impulse to run and hide.
NEED OF STRESS MANAGEMENT:
?In the past decade, the news headlines have definitely made it clear that the need for stress management should be one of the top agendas in modern day society.
Living today is a lot tougher than it was even in the days of the great depression. It?s been coming out in many ways such as all time occurrence of stomach and intestine ulcers. Others finds sleep disorders during busy days.
Today stress management is important in everyone?s lives. It?s necessary for long happy lives with less trouble that will come about. There are many ways to deal with stress ranging from the dealing with the causes of stress to simply burning off its effects.
ADVANTAGES OF STRESS MANAGEMENT:
1)????? Business advantages of stress management:
(i)???????????????? Less absenteeism due to stress-related disorders.
(ii)?????????????? Less worker?s compensation loss due to stress-related illness or accidents.
(iii)???????????? Improved job performance.
(iv)???????????? Less stressful, more efficient workplace.
(v)?????????????? Improved employee attitude.
(vi)???????????? Improved employee overall health.
2)????? Health advantages of stress management:
(i)???????????????? Decreased stress-related symptoms.
(ii)?????????????? Improved sleep.
(iii)???????????? Decreased anxiety.
(iv)???????????? Decreased use of medication.
(v)?????????????? Decreased pain, increased ability to manage pain.
(vi)???????????? Increased ability to relax physiologically.
(vii)?????????? Increased sense of control and improved self-esteem.
DISADVANTAGES OF STRESS MANAGEMENT:
Stress can be a motivator. For example, if you?re stressed out because you have a big assignment due, this may motivate you to work on it and complete it. The stress can help you to put in your very best effort. If you?re afraid of losing your job, stress may encourage you to raise your own standards and make improvements you most likely wouldn?t have made without the threat of unemployment.
Stress is a disadvantage because it can potentially raise your heart rate and weaken your immune system. Also, it can be a fact or in poor decision making because under stress we may not think logically or consider the consequences of the choices we make.
While we all experience stress frequently in our daily lives, not everyone handles it in positive ways. The key for us all is to learn what strategies and behaviors help us to cope with stress in a positive manner.
CONCLUSION:
Stress can be both positive and negative, which has an impact on the employee?s performance at work. If taken positively, the results are positive, and if taken in a negative way, may yield disastrous results. For most of the people, low to moderate amount of stress enable them to perform their jobs better. However, a high level of stress or for that matter even a low level stress spread over a long period, eventually takes its toll, and the performance declines.
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Source: http://ebstudies.wordpress.com/2013/04/11/stress-management/
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